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freedom2012.
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Posted on 12-27-12 1:02
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Is Kathmandu going through a real estate bubble?. Investors borrowed so much money for real estate but with lack of buyers, isnt the real estate crash due soon?. I see a similar picture unfolding in India. Many people who invested blindly will surely get hurt big time. When the buyers default on their mortgage and investors default on their huge loan, then surely we can expect some big financial trouble. Many banks will get screwed!
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ashishme
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Posted on 12-31-12 1:21
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Yours for Rs 900 million ( 30% reduced price )
KATHMANDU, DEC 12 - After failing to attract bidders for Putalisadak-based Star Mall, crisis-ridden Nepal Share Market and Finance (NSMF) has extended the bid deadline by seven days for the second time.
The finance company had first called the bid on November 24 and had extended the deadline on December 9 after no one applied.
The sale of the shopping complex is must for NSMF to recover the money embezzled by its former chairman Yogendra Shrestha, who is currently in jail. Star Mall is promoted by Shrestha.
The finance company is ready to sell the mall located at one of the prime locations of Kathmandu, provided the bidders quoted around Rs 900 million. The Nepal Rastra Bank (NRB) has valued the property at Rs 1.3 billion.
Although the Citizens Investment Trust (CIT) was supposed to purchase the property, it is yet to decide on the matter due to high cost. “If the property could be sold at the price sought by NSMF, it will recover a big portion of the amount embezzled by Shrestha,” said Shyam Sundar Shrestha, senior manager at NSMF.
Shrestha embezzled Rs 1.72 billion from the finance company by creating fake loanees, as per a due diligence audit (DDA) report. He created 96 fake loanees to take the loaned amount by himself. The company has so far been able to recover just Rs 150 million from Shrestha by selling his shares in Machhapuchhre Bank.
The amount received from the sale of Star Mall will be first used to repay loans taken from Global Bank and Siddhartha Bank, where the property has been put up as collateral. These banks have invested over Rs 300 million in the mall.
The finance company also recovered Rs 375.5 million deposited in Star Saving and Credit Cooperative. The amount was recovered after selling Shrestha’s shares in Himal Hydro, which were put up as collateral at Star Saving and Credit Cooperative.
NSMF is also planning to sell Shrestha’s 24 annas of land at Kamaladi after completing Star Mall sales. As Shrestha owns enough property to recover from, both the finance company and the central bank have been saying NSMF depositors should not worry about their deposits.
Ever since the exposure of fund misappropriation at the company and subsequently the company was declared crisis-ridden, NSMF has been able to recover a substantial amount of loans that went to other loanees, although it struggled to recover from Shrestha.
As a result, it has been able reduce its liabilities to depositors considerably over the last year. When the fraud at NSMF was uncovered on May 9, 2011, the company had deposits worth Rs 3.12 billion and loans worth Rs 5.26 billion. But the company, as of a few days ago, has been able to reduce its deposit mobilisation to Rs 1.5 billion and lending to Rs 1.41 billion, according to the finance company.
NSMF currently has 13,000 depositors. Despite the recovery of a huge chunk of loans, its financial status is yet to improve as it is still struggling to recover the amount misappropriated by Shrestha.
When the finance company was declared crisis ridden on January 12, 2012, its capital adequacy ratio was negative by 5.73 percent which has now deteriorated further to 7 percent, according to NSM officials. “It is due to the conversion of a few good loans to bad over the period,” said NSM’s Shyam Sundar Shrestha.
Declaring crisis-ridden, the central bank had given NSMF six months time to improve its financial health, but the former is yet to take further action. An NRB official said the central bank was in ‘wait-and-see mode’ as the company is in the process of selling Star Mall.
Earlier, central bank had prevented Global and Siddhartha banks from auctioning the property, saying there were chances that the property fetched a better price if NSMF was allowed to sell the property itself. “The aim of central bank is to receive more amounts so that more depositors could be paid back their deposits,” said the central bank official.
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freedom2012.
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Posted on 12-31-12 1:52
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This is where greed takes you. More will follow soon. 2013-2014 will be bad for Nepal. Imagine the ones who never get caught?. This is all thanks to the cheating culture created by Nepalis themselves. Where people who used to worship God before, now worship money.
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ashishme
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Posted on 12-31-12 2:08
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Nepalis are greedy by nature....it is in our culture.
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ashishme
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Posted on 12-31-12 2:16
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Actually more have already followed...Agni Air and Sita air ( probably ) are both on sale as well because the "tycoons" are unable to operate the airlines as they had invested hugely in real estate....so much so that this Basnet guy, who is supposedly a billionaire, cannot even raise Rs 50 million to keep Agni Air running....
KATHMANDU, DEC 05 - The consortium of banks that financed Agni Air has given the cash-strapped carrier until mid-December to pay up or face foreclosure. The banks and Agni Air’s promoters have been scouting around for potential buyers.
The carrier has been grounded for the last three weeks as it has not been able to pay its dues to the Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal (CAAN).
The chief executive officer of one of the banks in the consortium said that the carrier’s promoters had agreed in writing to pay the first instalment and the outstanding interest or quit. A consortium consisting of Grand Bank, Sunrise Bank and International Leasing and Finance Company have lent Rs 650 million to Agni Air.
“As the possibility of loan repayment is slim given the high liabilities of the promoters in different sectors, we are encouraging the sale of the airline’s assets to recover our investment,” said Surendra Man Pradhan, CEO of Sunrise Bank.
Agni Air promoter Sudhir Basnet has huge liabilities in the real estate sector as a majority of his housing projects have not been completed, and the flow of cash has stopped. The airline, which earned a profit in the last fiscal year, was also affected by the promoter’s other liabilities.
According to the lenders, seven parties have shown an interest in purchasing Agni Air including five Nepalis and two foreigners. Among them, Yeti Airlines Domestic and Swift Air Nepal are among the serious contenders to acquire the beleaguered carrier.
The banks said these prospective buyers had offered Rs 550 million to Rs 750 million for the airline. “The promoters, however, are asking for Rs 800 to Rs 900 million,” said bank sources. They added that Agni Air had initially priced its entire property and aircraft at Rs 1 billion. “We are ready to transfer the loans if a good party acquires the airline by paying Rs 200 to Rs 300 million to us,” said a lending bank official.
Last week, there had been intense negotiations for a possible sale of the airline with different parties. “Now, negotiations have been held at the very top level,” said an Agni Air source.
The banks are also conducting a valuation of the airline to facilitate its sale. “The issue will be settled within the next two-three weeks,” said a bank official. As long as the airline remains non-operational, its value will come down. That’s why the banks have been encouraging an early exit of the current promoters.
The airline not only owes huge amounts in bank loans, it has not paid its staff and landing and parking charges to Tribhuvan International Airport.
Three weeks ago, the CAAN suspended the operation of Agni Air for failing to settle outstanding fuel, landing and parking charges. CAAN officials said the airline owes around Rs 2.5 million to Nepal Oil Corporation and around Rs 6 million to CAAN. The airline has not paid salaries worth Rs 10 million to its staff.
Started in 2006, Agni Air owns five aircraft, three Jetstream 41s and two Dorniers. However, only one of the Dorniers is in an airworthy condition.
Agni’s woes began with problems in the real estate sector as its key promoter Basnet is one of the biggest land dealers in the country. A recession in the realty sector stopped Basnet’s cash flow which also affected the airline. Basnet has been blacklisted by the Credit Information Bureau for defaulting bank loans.
Fearing a possible outflow of funds to pay Basnet’s other debts, the banks have made a separate arrangement for repayment of their loans by excluding him from the management team, according to a senior official of a lending bank. As per the arrangement, Agni will have to repay its outstanding loans first from the revenue generated from its operation.
During Agni Air’s good times, it used to fly to eight domestic destinations including mountain flights. In the first half of 2012, it stood third among domestic airlines in terms of passenger carriage.
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kulsonam
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Posted on 12-31-12 9:02
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I see it differently. I see real opportunity to buy real estate if you have money right now. I see the rates of 1-2 bedroom apartment going for less than $50k with all amazing facilities that you can count on--underground parking space, walled security premises with swimming pool, basketball court yard, laundry facilities. You name it and it is there all for under $50k for 2 bedroom.
I am VERY OPTIMISTIC about nepal economy than any other. 3 reasons:
1. Nepal Rastra bank has foreign currency surplus of US$ 2billion annually. Yes Nepal Rastra bank has that much of money. All the remittance coming to the country. It is only going up. No of workers going to abroad has jumped from 500 to 1500 daily. That is a huge number. Total number of workers going abroad stands at 6 million I think. Average entry level worker earns $300/monthly. So you do the math.
2. Nepal govt is collecting more tax than it can spend. So the govt has budget surplus. Due to increase in import and VAT, govt has noproblem collecting revenue. So that is good thing.
3. Tourist is up and up and up. Forget about getting hotel room, mountain flights and other services Peak season in Nepal during march-april-may and oct-Nov.
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SAP Dude
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Posted on 12-31-12 9:38
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Well...the real estate market has matured and and there wont be a real estate growth similar to 2000 - 2009 anytime soon. The real estate market may or may not crash but for KTM land do not worry about getting crashed. If you survived this slow time you have survived the crash. There just isn't enough land in KTM to crash. Its too small of a place and way too many people want to own 4 Aana land in KTM. If you have EXTRA cash, may be its time to do the bargain hunting in KTM land.
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freedom2012.
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Posted on 12-31-12 12:20
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1)$300/monthly salary to sustain a crore real estate price?
2)If people are borrowing to buy property as investment, then rental income will hardly meet the mortgage. Unless everyone has extra cash lying around, this will lead to a systemic banking failure.
3)How about all the investments that have already been made?. Unless everyone bought in cash, otherwise crores of loan repayment defaults will not be healthy for economy.
4)Nepal cannot rely on remittance alone to prop up real estate prices.
5)The fact that real estate prices have dropped itself proves that real estate is in trouble. Kathmandu may be small but if there is an economic collapse then size will not matter. Also be aware that Nepal is in process of decentralising. there will always be other options in near future. If you get in and out in a boom then it is good, but thinking that 1 crore invested in kathmandu will become 10 crores a decade later is a fallacy.
6)If prices are falling, why should people buy?. Should it not be wait and see?. Unless you are really desperate, it is better to wait couple of years.
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SAP Dude
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Posted on 12-31-12 1:36
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1)$300/monthly salary to sustain a crore real estate price?
---- $300 monthly salary folks are not the ones who make Aana worth crores. Its the people with crores who are buying in crores. There is only sufficient land for Crore and higher players. Not enough space for little fishes to enter the KTM land game.
2)If people are borrowing to buy property as investment, then rental income will hardly meet the mortgage. Unless everyone has extra cash lying around, this will lead to a systemic banking failure.
------- Go back to answer number 1, there is not enough land in KTM for the borrowers, the land is barely enough for "Cash Only" investors. The market went up 1000% in 10 years and corrected down 30% until recently. Still lots of cash to go around.
3)How about all the investments that have already been made?. Unless everyone bought in cash, otherwise crores of loan repayment defaults will not be healthy for economy.
-------------It has not been healthy for the economy and we are already seeing the slowness in effect.
4)Nepal cannot rely on remittance alone to prop up real estate prices.
-------------Nepal cannot rely on remittance alone for just about anything. The remittance folks do not have enough to buy land in KTM. May be 100 heads remittance money trickles up to 4 Aana land in KTM. But there are almost 3 million remittance heads outside.
5)The fact that real estate prices have dropped itself proves that real estate is in trouble. Kathmandu may be small but if there is an economic collapse then size will not matter. Also be aware that Nepal is in process of decentralising. there will always be other options in near future. If you get in and out in a boom then it is good, but thinking that 1 crore invested in kathmandu will become 10 crores a decade later is a fallacy.
------------KTM land is not even enough for KATM folks....KTM does not need outsiders to prop up their real estate market. In the other hand, i can see KTM folks being pushed to the hills nearby due to land shortage inside KTM.
Finally you have made one belieavle point. People should not anticipate 1:10 boom for quite some time in real estate.
6)If prices are falling, why should people buy?. Should it not be wait and see?. Unless you are really desperate, it is better to wait couple of years.
--------- Prices are falling, and people are not buying, they are waiting and seeing unless desperate. That is what we have been seeing for last couple years....its may stay like that for another two years but THERE WILL NOT BE A CRASH.
Not sure why you are so desperate to prove that the market will crash. It is quite normall for the market to correct and slow down after a decade long spike like we saw last time. May be the 10 folds returns in real estate is gone but no way we will see the crash in KTM. Everyone dreams to own some land in KTM and there is just not enough for everyone. Even if the real estate market goes down in the whole country, KTM will be least affected.
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freedom2012.
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Posted on 12-31-12 2:29
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1)It is not true that there are only cash buyers as i myself know people who have taken loans and bought. Why are they then advertising 20-30 years loan?
2)30% drop is a crash, price corrections do not suddenly go 30%. If you had invested 1 crore in 2011, you would be down by 30 lakhs now. If it was your own cash then bad for you. If that was borrowed, then bad for bank and country.
3)It is not true everyone dreams to own land in kathmandu. I dont. And many people i know dont also.
4) The reason people are waiting and seeing is because the party is over.
5) My whole argument is based on borrowing from banks and i believe that is the case. However, if most are cash buyers then it wil not be so bad.
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kulsonam
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Posted on 12-31-12 3:43
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Real esatte price has already gone down. it wont go down any further. Thats right. There aint enough land in kathmandu. Most of the workers from Arab countries are trying hard to buy 4 Anna lands in kathmandu. There are not big buyers, but small ones. but bunch of small ones make up big.
What I see now is opportunity to buy 1-2 bedroom apartment in gated community. You cant go wrong for $40-$45k for 2bedroom apartment. These apartments are really well built with amazing facilities. I know the similar one goes for $400k-$500k in San Fran, boston, New York.
Nobody is investing because there is no stable government. I think everyone is waiting for govt to stabilize and then everything will go up. it does not take long for economy to shoot up.
you gotta see what is happening in Nepal. Just only at the airport, there aint enough parking space for big international planes. I saw there at least 10 planes from A330, B-777 to small ones while I was flying to Delhi.
talking to few friends who are in tourism business, they are saying they cant find hotels, flights, etc. Lots of folks are really excited and positive.
Things are happening back home. There are more opportunities since it is just opening and is in the process of decentralizing.
Govt getting $5-$6billion of remittance annually is no joke. I heard Rastra bank sells US$ to buy Indian Rupees. it seems funny but true.
I think real estate opportunities are still there for those who have cash.
For those who survived the crash, hang in there. better days are ahead. hopefully in 2013.
Happy New year.
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freedom2012.
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Posted on 12-31-12 4:29
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1)There is fat chance of a stable government in Nepal. In fact, Nepal is headed for a big political turmoil, maybe even a civil war. The most important factor for economic prosperity is a stable government.
2)People have been saying real estate prices will never go down since the boom, but as can be seen from the report, they have gone down. So just merely saying it will not go down any further is mere speculation.
3)Yes Nepal is developing but real estate prices have to be realisitc. People must be able to afford the price. The price must not be driven by greed but realistic economic factors.
4)Health is wealth. Rather live in pollution free pokhara or dharan or butwal than live in kathmandu. What is the use of being a crorepati and dying with Asthma or some other disease?. Many educated people will realise this sooner. A place has to be worth it for the cost, if you think your health concerns are lesser than being a crorepati then all the best.
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hakim_saab
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Posted on 01-01-13 10:55
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Freedom 2012 is very naive.
1) According to freedom, there's a fat (meaning big) chance of a stable government in Nepal. But then he says we're headed for a civil war. Really? Young people have migrated to far off lands and no one's asinine enough to put their neck on the line for any new commie messiah. 99 percent of Nepalis want peace.
2) Yes some unscrupulous bankers and greedy agents lost money and may be prices came down 20 percent, but thats just correction after a ten fold increase like SAP dude said. Kathmandu's real estate market has matured. There wont be much volatility.
3) Freedom 2012 seems hell bent on his economic collapse theory, but then tell me why the share market is up two fold amidst all this instability? A country recieving 6 billion in remittances will have to literally flush money down the toilet for your doomsday prophecy to come true. Seems like you've watched a couple of Michael Moore and Gerald Celente documentaries and now think you know it all, but your logic is thin and you seem so innocent when you equate cliches like 'Health is Wealth' to real estate prices. Thats so Brilliant! Yeah really! why would anyone spend $500k for an apt in NYC, Shanghai or Sao Paolo when you can just mow down a corn field and live as healthy as a horse in Bumblef##k Arkansas?
Last edited: 01-Jan-13 11:15 AM
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freedom2012.
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Posted on 01-01-13 1:31
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1) Fat chance is used sarcastically to mean little or no chance.
2)Kathmandu is the most polluted city in Asia. Google WHO report on air pollution in kathmandu and why air pollution kills. KAthmandu pm10 level=120mcg per square meter. WHO standard=20mcg. If you want to live there then fine.
3)Forget about the economy, isn't our nation itself on the brink of collapse?. 99% of nepalis want peace?. That would be possible if they belonged to the same ethnicity. But unfortunately, our country is already divided based on ethnicity.
4)If you prefer the term "correction" to the term "crash" then fine also. Kathmandu real estate will see more corrections in 2013-2014.
5)You seem to be gung ho about Nepal's economy when all i read about is experts warning about dire status of our economy. Can you give me a link to any nepali expert who is as gung ho as you about Nepal's economy?
Last edited: 01-Jan-13 03:30 PM
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kulsonam
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Posted on 01-02-13 7:06
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Have you read news from yesterday in nepalnews.com and thehimalayantimes.com? Govt collected tax of Rs 99 billion in 2 months. That's more than US$1 billion in 2 months. At this rate, govt is bringing in over $6 billion in revenue. I dont see this as a sign of nation going down. Remittance inflow is increasing at the same rate of US$6 billion or even more. Tourism is up by 10% to 600,000 just coming via TIA.
Bottom line is. those who are pessimistic will always remain pessimist.
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freedom2012.
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Posted on 01-02-13 5:49
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Kulsonam,
if you believe the Nepal economy is doing well, then you have even more reasons not to contribute to a disaster by encouraging unrealistic real estate prices. When banks fail, it does not take long for the economy to collapse. You saw what happened in the US. It is stupid to think such a scenario is not possible in Nepal.
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kulsonam
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Posted on 01-03-13 4:39
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Freedom:
1. I am not saying Nepal economy is doing well. I am just saying it is not going down like Europe and the great recession of USA.. it has already gone done. It wont crash more.
2. I am not encouraging people to invest few crores here and there. I am suggesting those who are overseas and who may want to live in kathmandu some day to consider buying apartments now. Apartment price has come down more than 50% from the peak. You can fetch 1-2 bedroom apartment easily around $40k. I believe that is a very reasonable price considering some apartments have very good facilities like here in the US. 2 bedroom apartment in New York City is going for $400-500k. Compared to that, ktm apartment is a bargain.
3. I am not a economist but simple rule of macro economy applies:Nepal Rastra Bank has surplus foreign currency and it is growing thanks to remittance. Nepal finance ministry is collecting more tax revenue than the bidget is allocated to spend. In both cases, there is a surplus. That says the country is not going down. It may not be growing, but it is definitely not going down.
Oh by the way, commercial banks are making lots of money. Nepali dont borrow a lot. They trade in cash. People save money for safety net When it comes to spending, Nepali ( all Asians) are conservative which is a good thing..
Thats all. I am not so optimistic, but not passimistic either. What we lack is stable government and the security. Only god knows when that will come.
Last edited: 03-Jan-13 04:41 PM
Last edited: 03-Jan-13 04:47 PM
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freedom2012.
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Posted on 01-03-13 9:37
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Kulsonam,
the 2 bedroom flat should be around 15-20 lakhs. Not for me and you but for the middle class people of Nepal. They also want to live in kathmandu, we should make it affordable for them dont you think?. Not everyone gets to go to a western country to earn. And not everyone is a crorepati. Why make things more expensive for the general population of Nepal who work and earn there?. We should not encourage this trend. At the end of the day, it makes things way beyond reach for the general population.
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silience43
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Posted on 01-03-13 11:41
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Freedom2012,
Yes, we should give them " the middle class" a chance to live in kathmandu. What a narrow thought bro. Lekhnai parne banayo brother.
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kulsonam
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Posted on 01-04-13 7:26
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Freedom bro:
Silence is right...You have to be realistic.
A market determines the price, not a person.If you like apartment, then pay for it. if not, find something else that fits your budget.
I am just trying to share my opinion with sajha friends. But every wanna be buyer has to make their own conclusion.
What we lack is stable government and security for every Nepali to enjoy their basic rights.
Hope that will be in horizon soon.
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danphe
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Posted on 01-04-13 1:16
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The entire nation is in bubble & turmoil not just the real estate. рд╣рд┐рдЬреЛрдХрд╛ рдЦрд╛рддреЗрд╣рд░реБ рдЖрдЬ рдЕрд░рдмрдкрддрд┐ рднрдПрдХрд╛ рдЫрдиреН | рд░реБрдЦ рдЬрддрд┐рдиреИ рдареБрд▓реЛ рднрдП рдкрдирд┐ рдЬрд░рд╛ рдмрд▓рд┐рдпреЛ рдирднрдП рдврд▓реНрди рдХреЗ рдмреЗрд░ | I see a big trouble looming adhead. I was reading рдЗрдЪреНрдЫрд╛рд░рд╛рдЬ рддрд╛рдорд╛рдЩ's success story on "Entrepreneurs4Nepal" the other day that totally disaggres with his actions.
рд╕рд┐рднрд┐рд▓ рдЯреНрд░реЗрдбрдорд╛ рд▓рдЧрд╛рдиреАрд▓реЗ рд╕рд╣рдХрд╛рд░реА рдиреИ рдзрд░рд╛рдкрдорд╛
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рдирд╡рд░рд╛рдЬ рдЪрд╛рд▓рд┐рд╕реЗ÷рд░рд╛рдЬрдзрд╛рдиреА рдХрд╛рдардорд╛рдбреМрдВреИ, резреп рдкреБрд╕
рд╕реБрдиреНрдзрд╛рд░рд╛рд╕реНрдерд┐рдд рд╕рд┐рднрд┐рд▓ рдЯреНрд░реЗрдб рд╕реЗрдиреНрдЯрд░рдорд╛ рдЧрд░рд┐рдПрдХреЛ рд▓рдЧрд╛рдиреАрд▓реЗ рд╕рд┐рднрд┐рд▓ рд╕рдореВрд╣рдХреЛ рд╕рд╣рдХрд╛рд░реА рдиреИ рдзрд░рд╛рдкрдорд╛ рдкрд░реЗрдХреЛ рдЫ ред рд╕рд┐рднрд┐рд▓ рд╕рдореВрд╣рджреНрд╡рд╛рд░рд╛ рд╕рдЮреНрдЪрд╛рд▓рд┐рдд рд╕рд┐рднрд┐рд▓ рд╕реЗрднрд┐рдЩ рдПрдиреНрдб рдХреНрд░реЗрдбрд┐рдЯ рдХреЛрдЕрдкрд░реЗрдЯрд┐рдн рд▓рд┐рдорд┐рдЯреЗрдбрд▓реЗ рд╕рд╣рдХрд╛рд░реАрдХреЛ рдиреАрддрд┐, рд╕рд┐рджреНрдзрд╛рдиреНрдд рд░ рдорд╛рдиреНрдпрддрд╛рд╡рд┐рдкрд░реАрдд рдЬрдерд╛рднрд╛рд╡реА рдХрд░реНрдЬрд╛ рдкреНрд░рд╡рд╛рд╣ рдЧрд░реЗрдкрдЫрд┐ рд╕рд╣рдХрд╛рд░реА рдзрд░рд╛рдкрдорд╛ рдкрд░реЗрдХреЛ рд╣реЛ ред рд╕рд┐рднрд┐рд▓ рд╕реЗрднрд┐рдЩ рдПрдиреНрдб рдХреНрд░реЗрдбрд┐рдЯрд▓реЗ рдЧрдд рд╡рд░реНрд╖ рдорд╛рддреНрд░реИ рдШрд░рдЬрдЧреНрдЧрд╛ рддрдерд╛ рд╣рд╛рдЙрдЬрд┐рдЩрдорд╛ рдиреАрддрд┐рд╡рд┐рдкрд░реАрдд реи рдЕрд░реНрдм ренрел рдХрд░реЛрдб реорек рд▓рд╛рдЦ рен рд╕рдп рекреи рд░реБрдкреИрдпрд╛рдБ рдХрд░реНрдЬрд╛ рд▓рдЧрд╛рдиреА рдЧрд░реЗрдХреЛ рдкрд╛рдЗрдПрдХреЛ рд╣реЛ ред рд╕рд┐рднрд┐рд▓ рд╕рдореВрд╣рдХрд╛ рдПрдХ рдЕрдзрд┐рдХрд╛рд░реАрд▓реЗ рд░рд╛рдЬрдзрд╛рдиреАрд▓рд╛рдИ рджрд┐рдПрдХреЛ рдЬрд╛рдирдХрд╛рд░реАрдЕрдиреБрд╕рд╛рд░ рд╕рд┐рднрд┐рд▓ рд╕рдореВрд╣рдХрд╛ рдЕрдзреНрдпрдХреНрд╖ рдЗрдЪреНрдЫрд╛рд░рд╛рдЬ рддрд╛рдорд╛рдЩрдХреЛ рд╡реНрдпрдХреНрддрд┐рдЧрдд рдЪрд╛рд╣рдирд╛рдорд╛ рд╕рд┐рднрд┐рд▓ рд╕реЗрднрд┐рдЩрдмрд╛рдЯ рд╕реБрдиреНрдзрд╛рд░рд╛рд╕реНрдерд┐рдд рд╕рд┐рднрд┐рд▓ рдЯреНрд░реЗрдб рд╕реЗрдиреНрдЯрд░ рдирд┐рд░реНрдорд╛рдгрдорд╛ рдареВрд▓реЛ рдорд╛рддреНрд░рд╛рдорд╛ рдХрд░реНрдЬрд╛ рдкреНрд░рд╡рд╛рд╣ рдЧрд░рд┐рдПрдХреЛ рдЫ ред
рдЙрдирдХрд╛ рдЕрдиреБрд╕рд╛рд░ рд╕реЛ рд╕реЗрднрд┐рдЩрдХреЛ рд╕рдмреИ рд▓рдЧрд╛рдиреА рдХрд╛рдиреБрдирд╡рд┐рдкрд░реАрдд рд╕рд┐рднрд┐рд▓ рд╣рд╛рдЙрдЬрд┐рдЩрд▓рдЧрд╛рдпрдд рд╕рд┐рднрд┐рд▓ рд╕рдореВрд╣рдХреЛ рд╡реНрдпрд╛рдкрд╛рд░рд┐рдХ рдХрд╛рдордорд╛ рдорд╛рддреНрд░реИ рдЧрд░рд┐рдПрдХреЛ рдЫ ред рд╕рд┐рднрд┐рд▓ рдХреЛрдЕрдкрд░реЗрдЯрд┐рднрд▓реЗ рдирд┐рдХреНрд╖реЗрдк рд╕рдВрдХрд▓рди рдЧрд░реЗрдХреЛ рднрдиреНрджрд╛ рдкрдирд┐ рдмрдвреА рд░рдХрдо рд╣рд╛рдЙрдЬрд┐рдЩ рд░ рд╕рдЮреНрдЪрд╛рд▓рдХрд╣рд░реВрдХреЛ рд╡реНрдпрд╛рдкрд╛рд░рд┐рдХ рдкреНрд░рдпреЛрдЬрдирдорд╛ рд▓рдЧрд╛рдиреА рдЧрд░реЗрдХреЛ рд╕рд╣рдХрд╛рд░реА рд╡рд┐рднрд╛рдЧрдХрд╛ рдЕрдзрд┐рдХреГрддрд╣рд░реВ рдмрддрд╛рдЙрдБрдЫрдиреН ред рд╕рд┐рднрд┐рд▓ рдХреЛрдЕрдкрд░реЗрдЯрд┐рднрд▓реЗ рдЧрдд рд╡рд░реНрд╖ реи рдЕрд░реНрдм релрео рдХрд░реЛрдб резрез рд▓рд╛рдЦ релрей рд╣рдЬрд╛рд░ реи рд╕рдп ремреп рд░реБрдкреИрдпрд╛рдБ рд╕рдВрдХрд▓рди рдЧрд░реЗрдХреЛ рдерд┐рдпреЛ ред рд╕реЛ рд╕рдВрд╕реНрдерд╛рд▓реЗ рд╕рдВрдХрд▓рди рдЧрд░реЗрдХреЛ рдирд┐рдХреНрд╖реЗрдкрднрдиреНрджрд╛ рдкрдирд┐ рдмрдвреА рдХрд░реНрдЬрд╛ рд▓рдЧрд╛рдиреА рдЧрд░реЗрдХреЛ рд╣реЛ ред
рд╕реЛ рд╕рд╣рдХрд╛рд░реАрдХреЛ рд╕реЗрдпрд░ рдкреБрдБрдЬреА реп рдХрд░реЛрдб резреж рд▓рд╛рдЦ релреи рд╣рдЬрд╛рд░ рек рд╕рдп рд░реБрдкреИрдпрд╛рдБ рдЫ ред реи рдордВрд╕рд┐рд░ реирежрелрен рдорд╛ рд╕рд┐рднрд┐рд▓ рд╕рдореВрд╣рдХреЛ рд╕рдВрд╕реНрдерд╛рдкрдХрд╣рд░реВрдХреЛ рд╕рдХреНрд░рд┐рдпрддрд╛рдорд╛ рд╕рд┐рднрд┐рд▓ рдХреЛрдЕрдкрд░реЗрдЯрд┐рдн рд╕реНрдерд╛рдкрдирд╛ рднрдПрдХреЛ рдерд┐рдпреЛ ред рд╕рд┐рднрд┐рд▓ рд╕рдореВрд╣ рд╕рд┐рднрд┐рд▓ рдХреЛрдЕрдкрд░реЗрдЯрд┐рднрдмрд╛рдЯ рд╡рд┐рддреНрддреАрдп рдХреНрд╖реЗрддреНрд░рдорд╛ рдкреНрд░рд╡реЗрд╢ рдЧрд░реЗрдХреЛ рд╣реЛ ред рд╕рд┐рднрд┐рд▓ рд╕реЗрднрд┐рдЩ рдПрдиреНрдб рдХреНрд░реЗрдбрд┐рдЯ рдХреЛрдЕрдкрд░реЗрдЯрд┐рднрдХрд╛ рдЕрдзреНрдпрдХреНрд╖рдорд╛ рдХреЗрд╢рд╡рд▓рд╛рд▓ рд╢реНрд░реЗрд╖реНрда рд░рд╣реЗрдХрд╛ рдЫрдиреН ред рд╢реНрд░реЗрд╖реНрда рд╕рд┐рднрд┐рд▓ рд╣реЛрдореНрд╕ рдкреНрд░рд╛рд▓рд┐рдХрд╛ рд╕рдореЗрдд рдХрд╛рд░реНрдпрдХрд╛рд░реА рдирд┐рд░реНрджреЗрд╢рдХ рд╣реБрдиреН ред рдХрд╛рдардорд╛рдбреМрдВреИрдХреЛ рд╕реЛрд▓реНрдЯреАрдореЛрдбрдорд╛ рдореБрдЦреНрдп рдХрд╛рд░реНрдпрд╛рд▓рдп рд░рд╣реЗрдХреЛ рд╕реЛ рд╕рд╣рдХрд╛рд░реАрд▓реЗ рд╕рд░реНрд╡рд╕рд╛рдзрд╛рд░рдгрдмрд╛рдЯ рд╕рдВрдХрд▓рди рдЧрд░реЗрдХреЛ рдирд┐рдХреНрд╖реЗрдк рд╕рд┐рднрд┐рд▓ рд╕рдореВрд╣рдХреИ рд╕рдЮреНрдЪрд╛рд▓рдХ рд░ рдирд┐рдХрдЯ рд╡реНрдпрдХреНрддрд┐рдХрд╛ рдХрдореНрдкрдиреА рддрдерд╛ рдлрд░реНрдорд╣рд░реВрдорд╛ рдХрд░реНрдЬрд╛ рд▓рдЧрд╛рдиреА рдЧрд░реЗрдХреЛ рд╕реНрд░реЛрддрд▓реЗ рдмрддрд╛рдпреЛ ред рд╕рд╣рдХрд╛рд░реА рдРрди–реирежрекрео, рд╕рд╣рдХрд╛рд░реА рдирд┐рдпрдо–реирежрекреп, рд╕рд╣рдХрд╛рд░реА рдорд╛рдкрджрдгреНрдб–реирежремрео рд░ рд╕рдВрд╕реНрдерд╛рдХреЛ рд╡рд┐рдирд┐рдпрдо, рдЛрдг рдиреАрддрд┐рдЕрдиреБрд╕рд╛рд░ рдХрд╛рд░реЛрдмрд╛рд░ рдЧрд░реНрдиреБрдкрд░реНрдиреЗ рд╕рд╣рдХрд╛рд░реАрдХреЛ рд╕рд┐рджреНрдзрд╛рдиреНрддрд╡рд┐рдкрд░реАрдд рдХрд░реНрдЬрд╛ рд▓рдЧрд╛рдиреА рднрдЗрд░рд╣реЗрдХреЛ рдЕрдиреБрдЧрдордирдорд╛ рд╕рдВрд▓рдЧреНрди рд╕рд╣рдХрд╛рд░реА рдЕрдзрд┐рдХрд╛рд░реАрд╣рд░реВрд▓реЗ рдмрддрд╛рдП ред
рдбрд┐рднрд┐рдЬрди рд╕рд╣рдХрд╛рд░реА рдХрд╛рд░реНрдпрд╛рд▓рдп рд░ рд╕рд╣рдХрд╛рд░реА рд╡рд┐рднрд╛рдЧрд╕рдБрдЧ рдЖрд╡рд╢реНрдпрдХ рдиреАрддрд┐рдирд┐рдпрдо рдирднрдПрдХрд╛ рдХрд╛рд░рдг рдкрдирд┐ рд╕рд┐рднрд┐рд▓ рдХреЛрдЕрдкрд░реЗрдЯрд┐рднрд▓реЗ рдЖрдЩреНрдЦрдирд╛ рд╕рджрд╕реНрдпрд▓рд╛рдИ рднрдиреНрджрд╛ рдкрдирд┐ рд╕рд┐рднрд┐рд▓ рд╣рд╛рдЙрдЬрд┐рдЩ рд░ рд╕рд┐рднрд┐рд▓ рдЯреНрд░реЗрдбрдорд╛ рд▓рдЧрд╛рдиреА рдЧрд░реНрди рд╕рдЮреНрдЪрд╛рд▓рдХрд╣рд░реВ рд╕рдлрд▓ рднрдПрдХрд╛ рд╣реБрдиреН ред рд╕рд┐рднрд┐рд▓ рдХреЛрдЕрдкрд░реЗрдЯрд┐рднрд▓реЗ рд╕рдВрдХрд▓рди рдЧрд░реЗрдХреЛ рдирд┐рдХреНрд╖реЗрдк рд╕рд╛рдирд╛ рд╡реНрдпрд╡рд╕рд╛рдпрдорд╛ рднрдиреНрджрд╛ рдкрдирд┐ рд╕реЛ рд╕рдВрд╕реНрдерд╛рдХрд╛ рд╕рдЮреНрдЪрд╛рд▓рдХрд╣рд░реВрд▓реЗ рдШреБрдорд╛рдЙрд░реЛ рд╢реИрд▓реАрдмрд╛рдЯ рдШрд░рдЬрдЧреНрдЧрд╛ рдХрд╛рд░реЛрдмрд╛рд░ рд░ рдареВрд▓рд╛ рд╣рд╛рдЙрдЬрд┐рдЩрдорд╛ рд▓рдЧрд╛рдиреА рдЧрд░реЗрдХрд╛ рдХрд╛рд░рдг рд╕рд░реНрд╡рд╕рд╛рдзрд╛рд░рдгрдХреЛ рдХрд░реНрдЬрд╛ рдЬреЛрдЦрд┐рдордорд╛ рдкрд░реЗрдХреЛ рд░рд╛рд╖реНрдЯреНрд░ рдмреИрдВрдХрдХрд╛ рдПрдХ рдЕрдзрд┐рдХрд╛рд░реАрд▓реЗ рдмрддрд╛рдП ред ‘рд╕рд┐рднрд┐рд▓ рдХреЛрдЕрдкрд░реЗрдЯрд┐рднрдорд╛ рд╕рд░реНрд╡рд╕рд╛рдзрд╛рд░рдгрдХреЛ рдХрд░реНрдЬрд╛ рдЬреЛрдЦрд┐рдордорд╛ рдкрд░реЗрдХреЛ рджреЗрдЦрд┐рдПрдХреЛ рдЫ,’ рд░рд╛рд╖реНрдЯреНрд░ рдмреИрдВрдХрдХрд╛ рддреА рдЕрдзрд┐рдХрд╛рд░реАрд▓реЗ рд░рд╛рдЬрдзрд╛рдиреАрд╕рдБрдЧ рднрдиреЗ ред рд╕рд┐рднрд┐рд▓рдХреЛ рд╡рд┐рддреНрддреАрдп рдХрд╛рд░реЛрдмрд╛рд░ рдЕрдкрд╛рд░рджрд░реНрд╢реА рд░ рдареВрд▓реЛ рд░рдХрдордорд╛ рд░рд╣реЗрдХреЛ рднрдиреНрджреИ рдиреЗрдкрд╛рд▓ рд░рд╛рд╖реНрдЯреНрд░ рдмреИрдВрдХрдХреЛ рд╡рд┐рддреНрддреАрдп рдЬрд╛рдирдХрд╛рд░реА рдПрдХрд╛рдЗрд▓реЗ рдкрдирд┐ рдЧрдореНрднреАрд░ рдЪрд╛рд╕реЛ рджреЗрдЦрд╛рдПрдХреЛ рдЫ ред рд╡рд┐рддреНрддреАрдп рдЬрд╛рдирдХрд╛рд░реА рдПрдХрд╛рдЗ (рдПрдлрдЖрдИрдпреВ)рд▓реЗ рдХреЗрд╣реА рд╕рдордпрдЕрдШрд┐ рдорд╛рддреНрд░ рд╕рд┐рднрд┐рд▓рд▓рдЧрд╛рдпрдд рдареВрд▓рд╛ рд╕рд╣рдХрд╛рд░реАрд╣рд░реВрдХреЛ рд╕рдореНрдкрддреНрддрд┐ рд╢реБрджреНрдзреАрдХрд░рдг рдирд┐рд╡рд╛рд░рдгрд╕рдореНрдмрдиреНрдзреА рдирд┐рд░реАрдХреНрд╖рдг рдЧрд░реЗрдХреЛ рдерд┐рдпреЛ ред
рд╕реЛ рдирд┐рд░реАрдХреНрд╖рдгрдкрдЫрд┐ рд╡рд┐рддреНрддреАрдп рдЬрд╛рдирдХрд╛рд░реА рдПрдХрд╛рдЗрд▓реЗ рд╕рд┐рднрд┐рд▓ рдХреЛрдЕрдкрд░реЗрдЯрд┐рднрд╕рд╣рд┐рдд рдХреЗрд╣реА рдареВрд▓рд╛ рд╕рдВрд╕реНрдерд╛рд╣рд░реВрд▓рд╛рдИ рдЙрдЪреНрдЪ рдирд┐рдЧрд░рд╛рдиреАрдорд╛ рд░рд╛рдЦреЗрдХреЛ рдЫ ред рд╕реНрд░реЛрддрдХрд╛ рдЕрдиреБрд╕рд╛рд░ рдЕрдиреБрд╕рдиреНрдзрд╛рдирдХрд╛ рдХреНрд░рдордорд╛ рд╕рд┐рднрд┐рд▓рд▓реЗ рдЖрдЩреНрдЦрдирд╛ рд╕рджрд╕реНрдпрд╣рд░реВрд▓рд╛рдИ рдореБрдЦреНрдп рдЧрд░реА рд╣рд╛рдЙрдЬрд┐рдЩ рд░ рд╕рд┐рднрд┐рд▓ рдЯреНрд░реЗрдбрдорд╛ рд▓рдЧрд╛рдиреА рдЧрд░рд┐рд░рд╣реЗрдХреЛ рдкрд╛рдЗрдПрдХреЛ рдЫ рдЬреБрди рд╕рд╣рдХрд╛рд░реАрдХреЛ рд╕рд┐рджреНрдзрд╛рдиреНрддрднрдиреНрджрд╛ рд╡рд┐рдкрд░реАрдд рд╣реЛ ред рд╕рд╣рдХрд╛рд░реАрдХреЛ рд╕реБрдкрд░реАрд╡реЗрдХреНрд╖рдг рдЧрд░реНрджрд╛ рд╕рдЮреНрдЪрд╛рд▓рдХрд╣рд░реВ рд╕рдореНрдкрд░реНрдХрдорд╛ рдирдЖрдЙрдиреЗ рд░ рд╡рд┐рддреНрддреАрдп рдХрд╛рд░реЛрдмрд╛рд░рдХреЛ рд╡рд┐рд╡рд░рдг рдирджрд┐рдиреЗ рдЧрд░реЗрдХреЛ рдПрдХ рдЕрдзрд┐рдХреГрддрд▓реЗ рдмрддрд╛рдП ред рд╕рд┐рднрд┐рд▓рд▓реЗ рд╕рд░реНрд╡рд╕рд╛рдзрд╛рд░рдгрд▓рд╛рдИ рдЕрд╕реНрд╡рд╛рднрд╛рд╡рд┐рдХ рдмреНрдпрд╛рдЬрджрд░ рджрд┐рдиреЗрдЬрд╕реНрддрд╛ рдкреНрд░рд▓реЛрднрди рд░ рд╕рд┐рднрд┐рд▓ рдЯреНрд░реЗрдб рд╕реЗрдиреНрдЯрд░рдХреЛ рдХреЛрдард╛ рдкрд╕рд▓рдХрд╛ рд▓рд╛рдЧрд┐ рдкрдирд┐ рд╕рд╣рдЬ рд░реВрдкрдорд╛ рдХрд░реНрдЬрд╛ рдЙрдкрд▓рдмреНрдз рдЧрд░рд╛рдЙрдиреЗ рднрдиреА рд╕рд░реНрд╡рд╕рд╛рдзрд╛рд░рдгрдмрд╛рдЯ рд░рдХрдо рдЕрд╕реБрд▓реА рдЧрд░рд┐рд░рд╣реЗрдХреЛ рдЫ ред
рдбрд┐рднрд┐рдЬрди рд╕рд╣рдХрд╛рд░реА рдХрд╛рд░реНрдпрд╛рд▓рдп рдХрд╛рдардорд╛рдбреМрдВреИрдХрд╛ рдкреНрд░рдореБрдЦ рдмрд▓рд░рд╛рдо рдирд┐рд░реМрд▓рд╛рд▓реЗ рдиреАрддрд┐–рдирд┐рдпрдордХреЛ рдЕрднрд╛рд╡рд▓реЗ рдЧрд░реНрджрд╛ рд╕рд╣рдХрд╛рд░реА рд╕рдВрд╕реНрдерд╛рд▓рд╛рдИ рддрддреНрдХрд╛рд▓ рдирд┐рдпрдиреНрддреНрд░рдг рд░ рд╣рд╕реНрддрдХреНрд╖реЗрдк рдЧрд░реНрди рдирд╕рдХрд┐рдПрдХреЛ рдЧреБрдирд╛рд╕реЛ рдЧрд░реЗ ред рдХреЗрд╣реА рд╕рд╣рдХрд╛рд░реА рд╕рдВрд╕реНрдерд╛рдХрд╛ рд╕рдЮреНрдЪрд╛рд▓рдХрдХреЛ рд╡реНрдпрдХреНрддрд┐рдЧрдд рд▓рдЧрд╛рдиреАрдХрд╛ рдмрд╛рд░реЗрдорд╛ рдЧреЛрдкреНрдп рд░реВрдкрдорд╛ рдЕрдзреНрдпрдпрди рднрдЗрд░рд╣реЗрдХреЛ рдкреНрд░рдореБрдЦ рдирд┐рд░реМрд▓рд╛рд▓реЗ рдмрддрд╛рдП ред рд╕рд┐рднрд┐рд▓ рд╕рдореВрд╣рдХрд╛ рд╡рд┐рднрд┐рдиреНрди рд╡реНрдпрдХреНрддрд┐рд▓рд╛рдИ рдЬрд┐рдореНрдореЗрд╡рд╛рд░реА рджрд┐рдЗрдПрдХреЛ рднрдП рдкрдирд┐ рдЕрдзреНрдпрдХреНрд╖ рддрд╛рдорд╛рдЩрдХреЛ рдирд┐рд░реНрджреЗрд╢рдирдЕрдиреБрд╕рд╛рд░ рдЪрд▓реНрдиреЗ рдЧрд░реЗрдХреЛ рд╕реНрд░реЛрддрдХреЛ рднрдирд╛рдЗ рдЫ ред ‘рдЬрддрд┐ рдкрдирд┐ рд╕рдВрд╕реНрдерд╛ рдЫрдиреН рддреА рд╕рдмреИ рд╕рдореВрд╣рдХрд╛ рдЕрдзреНрдпрдХреНрд╖ рдЗрдЪреНрдЫрд╛рд░рд╛рдЬ рддрд╛рдорд╛рдЩрдХреИ рдирд┐рд░реНрджреЗрд╢рдирдЕрдиреБрд╕рд╛рд░ рдХрд╛рдо рд╣реБрдиреЗ рдЧрд░реЗрдХреЛ рдЫ,’ рдЙрдирд▓реЗ рдЪрд╛рд╣рдБрджрд╛ рдЬреБрдирд╕реБрдХреИ рдХрд╛рдо рдкрдирд┐ рднрдЗрд░рд╣реЗрдХреЛ рдЫ,’ рд╕реНрд░реЛрддрд▓реЗ рднрдиреНрдпреЛ ред
рд╕рд┐рднрд┐рд▓ рд╕рдореВрд╣рд▓реЗ рд╣рд╛рд▓рд╕рдореНрдо рд╕рд┐рднрд┐рд▓ рд╣реЛрдореНрд╕, рд╕рд┐рднрд┐рд▓ рд╕реЗрднрд┐рдЩ, рд╕рд┐рднрд┐рд▓ рдорд░реНрдЪреЗрдиреНрдЯ рд╡рд┐рддреНрддреАрдп рд╕рдВрд╕реНрдерд╛, рд╕рд┐рднрд┐рд▓ рдЯреНрд░рдбрд┐рдЩ рдХрдореНрдкрдиреА, рд╕рд┐рднрд┐рд▓ рдмрд┐рдЬрдиреЗрд╕ рдХрдореНрдкреНрд▓реЗрдХреНрд╕, рд╕рд┐рднрд┐рд▓ рдЗрдиреНрдЯрд░рдиреЗрд╕рдирд▓ рдХрдиреНрд╕рд▓реНрдЯреНрдпрд╛рдиреНрдЯ рд░ рд╕рд┐рднрд┐рд▓ рдЗрд╕реНрдЯреЗрдЯ рд╕рдЮреНрдЪрд╛рд▓рди рдЧрд░реЗрдХреЛ рдЫ ред рдпрд╕реНрддреИ, рд╕рд┐рднрд┐рд▓ рдмреИрдВрдХ рдкрдирд┐ рд╕реЛрд╣реА рд╕рдореВрд╣рд▓реЗ рд╕рдЮреНрдЪрд╛рд▓рди рдЧрд░реНрджреИ рдЖрдПрдХреЛ рдЫ ред рд╕реЛ рдмреИрдВрдХрдХрд╛ рдЕрдзреНрдпрдХреНрд╖ рдкрдирд┐ рд╕рдореВрд╣рдХрд╛ рдЕрдзреНрдпрдХреНрд╖ рддрд╛рдорд╛рдЩ рдиреИ рд░рд╣реЗрдХрд╛ рдЫрдиреН ред рдХреЗрдиреНрджреНрд░реАрдп рдХрд╛рд░рд╛рдЧрд╛рд░ рд░ рд╕реИрдирд┐рдХ рдореБрдЦреНрдпрд╛рд▓рдпрдорд╛ рд╕рдореЗрдд рд╕реБрд░рдХреНрд╖рд╛ рдЦрддрд░рд╛ рд╣реБрдиреЗ рдЧрд░реА рдирд┐рд░реНрдорд╛рдг рдЧрд░рд┐рдПрдХреЛ рд╕реБрдиреНрдзрд╛рд░рд╛рд╕реНрдерд┐рдд рд╕рд┐рднрд┐рд▓ рдЯреНрд░реЗрдб рд╕реЗрдиреНрдЯрд░ рдкрдирд┐ рддрд╛рдорд╛рдЩрдХреИ рдкреНрд░рд╕реНрддрд╛рд╡рдорд╛ рдмрдиреЗрдХреЛ рд╣реЛ ред рдЙрдирд▓реЗ рдХрддрд┐рдкрдп рд╕реИрдирд┐рдХ рдЙрдЪреНрдЪ рдЕрдзрд┐рдХреГрдд рд░ рдЧреГрд╣рдХрд╛ рдХрд░реНрдордЪрд╛рд░реАрд▓рд╛рдИ рдЖрд░реНрдерд┐рдХ рдкреНрд░рд▓реЛрднрдирдорд╛ рдкрд╛рд░реА рднрд╡рди рдирд┐рд░реНрдорд╛рдг рдкреВрд░рд╛ рдЧрд░реЗрдХреЛ рд╕реНрд░реЛрддрд▓реЗ рдмрддрд╛рдпреЛ ред рд╕рд┐рднрд┐рд▓ рдЯреЗ«рдбрд▓рд╛рдИ рдХреЗрдиреНрджреНрд░реАрдп рдХрд╛рд░рд╛рдЧрд╛рд░рд▓реЗ рдЬреЗрд▓рддрд░реНрдл рдмрддреНрддреА рдмрд╛рд▓реНрди рд░реЛрдХ рд▓рдЧрд╛рдЗрд╕рдХреЗрдХреЛ рдЫ ред
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